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본고에서는 가족치료이론의 발달사와 전통적으로 내려오는 대표적인 가족치료 이론가들의 가족치료이론의 발전과정과 치료기법 등을 소개 하고 있다. Murray Bowen의 세대간 가족치료이론,Salvaor Minuchin의 구조적 가족 치료이론, 의사소통 가족치료이론, Don Jackson이론, Virgnia Satir의 경험적 가족치료이론, Jay Halery의 전략적 가족치료이론, Milan 학파의 체계론적 가족치료이론, de Sazer와 Insoo Berg의 해결중심 단기 가족치료이론 들이다. 그리고 가족치료 연구경향에 독특한 가족이론과 개입방법을 임상적인 가족치료이론으로 발달시켜야하며 한국문화에 적합한 가족치료모형 개발의 필요성을 제안하고 있다.
The theoretical models of family therapy presented in this article are diverse and at times conflicting. There are, however, similarities in the characteristics of a well-functioning family identified by the various theoretical views.
Through out the first few years of family therapy, the dominant trend was cybernetic theory(Bateson, 1972). At the time, this was a revolutionary step that involved several important theoretical and clinical shifts, including (1) a shift from linear to circular causality, (2) a focus on relationship as feedback loop between individuals instead of within them, and (3) therapists taking responsibility for developing interventions to interrupt symptom -supporting/causing patterns instead of the traditional working -through process.
The evolution of family therapy from cybernetic metaphor to a narrative metaphor has led us to think diffrently about therapy, about clients, and about ourselves as therapists. de Shazer´s(1988, 1993) work has some similarities to it because it is nonpathologying and focuses on possibilities that already exist in the clients experience.
The family therapy field is characterized by a plethora of theories about the nature and relative effectiveness of different techniques and by a lack of research testing these clinical theories. A considerable amount of research has been devoted to assessing the outcome of family therapy, but little has been devoted to systematically describing and evaluating the process of family therapy or attempting to relatate process to outcome.
Family therapy process research has hardly been explored. A clear and consistent body of knowledge has not yet emerged, family therapy process researchers must built upon the research that has already been done, transforming the above mentioned pathways into distinct roads.
For the nurse therapist working with couples or families in treatment, the sense of bewilderment and information overload makes this work exiting and difficult. It is important for the nurse to develop a thorough understanding of one conceptual framework for herself. She can then use treatment strategies and techniques frome various models congruent with the theoretical framework developed. The choice of strategy depends on assessment of the specific family and the level at which the nurse decides to intervene.
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